Meningitis - spot the signs

Meningitis is an inflammation/infection of the meninges (membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord). Meningitis can affect anybody, but it is widely recognised that certain groups of people are more susceptible to it, namely the under 5's (particularly the under 1’s) and teenagers and young adults.

There are two different types, viral and bacterial and symptoms can vary, but in adults and older children, may include:

• Headache
• Vomiting and sometimes diarrhoea
• Dislike of bright lights,
• High temperature,
• Drowsiness,
• Stiff neck (inability to touch chin to chest) or joint/muscle pain 
• Fitting
• Feeling confused or disorientated 
• A rash which does not fade when a clear drinking glass is pressed against it.

Symptoms may be different in babies and infants but may include;

• High temperature
• Vomiting or refusing feeds 
• High pitched moaning or whimpering cry 
• Blank, staring expression 
• Pale blotchy complexion 
• Baby may be floppy, dislike being handled, or be fretful 
• Bending of neck backwards with arching of back 
• They may be difficult to wake 
• The soft spot (fontanelle) on the babies head may be tense or bulging 
• A rash which does not fade when a clear drinking glass is pressed against it.

The rash is one of he more well known symptoms of Meningitis and this occurs when bacteria multiply in the blood stream, and then release toxins (poisons) that damage blood vessels. The rash is caused by blood leaking from the damaged blood vessels into the tissues underneath the skin.

The rash can start anywhere on the body and can begin as tiny red pin pricks, but will soon develop to look like fresh bruising. “The Glass Test” can be used to see if the rash might be septicaemia. If you press the side of a clear drinking glass firmly onto the spots or bruises, they will not fade.

If you suspect that someone has meningitis, seek medical help immediately. If your doctor is not available then go straight to your nearest Accident and Emergency Department!

You can also get advice and information from NHS Direct 0845 46 47